Official Language of Garhwal, Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule over Uttarakhand

Disregard for Garhwali Scholars in Garhwal in Gurkha /Gorkha Period -6

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 36

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -101    

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -620

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              Before, Gurkha/Gorkha invaded Kumaon and then Garhwal, the official language of Chand Kingdom was Almodya Kumaon and Shrinagrya Garhwali was official Language of Garhwal Kingdom.

              After invasion of Gurkha/ Gorkha, Gurkha or Nepali Language became the official language of Uttarakhand and Gurkha territory of Himachal.

            Since, there is least differences among these three languages –Nepali, Kumaoni and Garhwali, there was no big problems of language interpretation among rulers and subjects.

              Administrators, Nepal court used to write orders or letters in Nepali language only. Court or Administrators used to start letter or copper inscription etc by Sanskrit. First line was used to be a Sanskrit language line of each order or inscription.

            At the end of government order or letter ‘Swadattam Pardattaam … ‘Sanskrit Shloka was mentioned compulsorily.

        There is no record of any book written in Garhwali, Kumaoni or Nepali in Uttarakhand in Gurkha Period.  

           Kumaoni, Garhwali or Himachalis used to use their own local dialectal languages for personal uses.

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com25/4//2015

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -621

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX

History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal and Official Language; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal and Official Language; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal and Official Language ; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal and Official Language ; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal and Official Language; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal and Official Language; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Himachal and Official Language;    

Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand