Pargana and Pattis in Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Garhwal

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 12

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -77    

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -596

                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                   Demolition of Council of Ministers of Garhwal Kingdom

           As soon as Gurkha/Gorkha captured Garhwal, the indigenous system of Administration was demolished. The Garhwal King used to have councils of ministers as Deewan (prime minister), daftary (record), Vajir (minister), Faujdar (defence), Negi )genral administration),, Rajguru or Chief Priest. There was bonded relation among the King, ministers and subjects by language, relationship, devotion for land and people of Garhwal, culture and social norms.

  As soon as Gorkha /Gurkha rule started indigenous way of administration ended. The Nepal representatives (Bhardar) became the chief administrators. The ministers or administrators of past did not get favor from Nepal court barring Sheesram Saknyani of Dehradun. The local Kamin or Sayan in villages were retained as it was not possible to replace them by Gurkha administrators.

              Gurkha/Gorkha acquiring High Posts

  In Shah Garhwal King Period, an unknown person could reach at higher post by his capability and ability as Puriya Naithani, Lodi Rikhola etc.in that time position means execution capability.

 Nepal Court never had faith on local resources and kept Gurkha on High positions.

                          Insult of Local Elites

  Nepal court appointed only Nepalis on positions as governor, army chief, tax collection in charge, ministers etc for Garhwal. The Gurkha/Gorkah administrators did not ask the suggestion of local elites. They dislodged the Jagir or purses of past Garhwal Court employees. Gurkha used to insult and oppress the past administrators.

   Gurkha ?Gorkha administrators insulted Garhwal Brahmins and knowledgeable. Many Knowledgeable, Brahmins, Strategists left Garhwal and took jobs in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Saurashtra.

                Daftary or Record Keepers

            As Muslim administrators were weak in keeping records and they kept Hindu record keepers in treasury in their rules, same way Gurkha /Gurkha were weak in record keeping. Hence, Gurkha retained past Daftari or record keepers in their old position or did not disturb old system of record keeping of treasury.

  A court order of Nepal shows that following Garhwali Daftari or record Keeperswere there in Garhwal for Gurkha from 1804-1811 –

Krishna nanad

Gaja Dhar

Krishna Datt

Harshpati Khanduri

They were reappointed in 1912.

                        Tehsil or Faujdari

  Initially, there were three Faujdari or Tehsil In Garhwal under Gurkha rule

Shrinagar

Chadnpur

Salan

Later on Garhwal was divided into two types of Faujdari

Bigger Faujdari- Ravain, Mal (Dehradun), Salan

Smaller Faujdari- Jaunpur, Bangar, Devalgarh, Nagpur, Chandpur, Lobha, Badhan

  Faujdar used to act as judge too.

                     Garkh or Patti

   Faujdari was divided in Garkh. This was That. In British period the Garkh were renamed as Pargana. Perhaps in later stage of Gurkha rule, Pergana came in existence.

In 1815, there were 16 Pargana and 48 Pattis in British Garhwal (Old Pauri Nad Chamoli Garhwal) –

             1-Ajmir Pargana

Patti- 1-Ajmir

                         2- Udaypur Pargana

Patti- 2-Udaipur

                              3- Salan Pargana

                 Pattis of Salan

3- Dhangu

4-Kurandu

5-Langurgarh

6-Seelha

7-Kaudiya

8-Chaundkot

9-Badalpur

10-Idiyakot

11-Paino

12-Bungi

13-Gujdu

14-Khatli

15-Bangarsyun

16- Dhoundiyalsyun

17-Meldhar

18-Talain

19-Kolagaddi

20-Sainjdhar

21- Bijlot

                            4 Barasyun Pargana

22-36 (total 15 Pattis)

                           5- Devalgarh Pargana

37-Munil

                         6 -Chopdakot Pargana

    38-Chopdakot

                     7- Dhanpur   Pargana  

39- Tambakhan

                    8- Chandpur   Pargana   

40-Chandpur

                       9-Badhan Pargana

41-Badhan

                 10-Dashauli Pargana

42- Dashauli

                      11- Painkhanda Pargana

43- Painkhanda

                     12- Kapiri Pargana

44- Kapiri

                       13- Kuthali  Pargana   

45- Kuthli

                          14-Nagpur Pargana

46-Nagpur

                    15- Pinkandi Pargana

47-Pinkandi

                    16- Lobha Pargana

48-Lobha

                 Division of Garhwal into Districts

    On later stage, Gurkha divided Garhwal into two divisions of Districts

1-District Garhwal

 District Garhwal was divided into two parts

Gangawar- present Pauri, Chamoli and Rudraprayag Districts

Gangpar –Present Their and Uttarkashi Districts

                          2-Jilla Doon

 Present Dehradun barring Jaunsar region

Dehradun was divided into five Pargana

Sabalpur

Vasantpur

Santaur

Kalyanpur

Saudi

** History, Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal...Remaining part, read in next chapter

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com29/3//2015

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -597

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of aFive Years Residence at Nepaul Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

XXX

Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ks kumson psr Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal, Uttarakhand;कुमाऊं , उत्तराखंड काइतिहास ; गढ़वाल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास ; डोटी , पूर्व उत्तराखंड का इतिहास;गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का कुमाऊं पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं कागढ़वाल पर अधिकार इतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का हिमाचल पर अधिकारइतिहास ; गोरखाओं /गुर्खाओं का  इतिहास ; नेपाल इतिहास

Xx

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Pauri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Chamoli Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Tehri Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Dehradun Garhwal; 

History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Pauri Garhwal , History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Old Tehri Garhwal,     History:  Gurkha/Gorkha Army Administration in Dehradun, Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Old Pauri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Tehri Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Dehradun Garhwal; History: Judiciary and Executive Gurkha/ Gorkha Administrative Officers in Kumaon