Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -167 

                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

                              

                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

 Bell has many names as Ghanti, Ghandi, Ghandal, Ghanta in Garhwal. Bell has much shape and sizes and is used differently at different places. Bell is mostly used in religious dramas or rituals.

Bell is usually hollow, cup shaped, conical shape but when the bell is made of tin it is cylindrical shape too. Ussualy bell is made of cast metal.

Typical Bell has following parts –

Yolk

Crown

Head

Shoulder

Waist

Sound rim

Lip

Mouth

Clapper

Bead Line

Bell is quite old musical instrument of India and Garhwal.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 7/6/2014

Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 

15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya

16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya

17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj

18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India

19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas  

 XX

Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Pauri Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Chamoli Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Tehri Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Dehradun  Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A  Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Haridwar, Garhwal, Himalaya, North India;