Bhishma Kukreti
The Mangal geet or Auspicious Garhwali Wedding Folk songs are very decorative in terms of poetic form. There are chances, when the singers from bride party uses abusive or teasing languge in folk songs and this tradition is not thought a bad manner but is essential part of fun and making wedding ceremony a joyful event.
There is no society which does not use figurative language in its folk songs
A couple of examples are as below and the readers will also appreciate the poetic form of ‘Gali “song of Garhwali folk songs
Figure of speech in Tibetan Folk Literature
Tibet is rich in folk literature. Its folk songs are having mood , imagery, metaphor and simple verses. Readers may find abundant uses of figurative languages in Tibetan folk songs as :
“ Blame not the tree for being felled .
Blame not the birds for being left nestles “
For the tree has been cut to the root .
By the powerful noble we fear.
In this folk song, tree and bird are used for youngsters in love and cutting down the tree by powerful noble is the cause of their separation.
There are hyperbole, formal comparison, non formal comparison; metaphor, explanatory ornaments substitution, I Tibetan folk songs as Chengdu Panorama Tour Co Ltd provides many examples of figurative languages used in Tibetan folk songs in web site (“http://www.tibetviaggi.com/
Figure of speeches in American Folk Songs
Barre Toelkan (1995) provides many examples of uses of metaphors, and meaning in various folk songs in his book ‘Morning dew and roses’ Nuance, Metaphor and meaning in Folk Songs.
The readers would find figurative languages in many folk songs of American tribes in the book , “ handbook of North American Indians, California , Vol:3, “ edited by Robert heizer and William C Sturtevant.
William J Wallace in the above book states by taking examples from the work of Joughlin and Valenzuaela (1953) that some of the finest verses of Indian American tribes , rich in figurative language of metaphorical or allusive was found in ceremonial folk songs of southern tribes . the following folk song is proof of best uses of figurative languages in folk verses :
Creation Song
Desolate it was
Desolate it was
Desolate the earth
First they appeared
First they came out
First Mokat
First Tamayowit
Those the chiefs
Those the ancients
Figurative Languages in Folk Songs of Various Cultures
Dmitrij Olegovich et all (2005) provide tens of examples of figurative languages used in folk songs of various cultures in their book, “ Figurative Language: cross culture and cross linguistic perspectives” the book is very useful for the research scholars to know about figurative languages in folk literature
Figurative Language in Garhwali folk Songs
Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal ( 1981) provides elaborate examples of uses of figurative language in Garhwali folk songs in his famous research book, “ Garhwal ke Lok Nritya Geet”.
Dr Nautiyal provides examples of uses of metaphors, hyperboles, comparisons, formal comparison, non formal comparison, similes, repetition, abridgement, transforming, transmuting, transposition, met anomy , paradox , personification, oxymoron, irony in garhwali folk song in the exclusive chapter “ Garhwali geeton ka sangeet evm Kavy Shastriy adhyayan (Study of Folk Songs as per musicology and Poetic science).
Gali Mangal Geet of Garhwali wedding
The literal meaning of Gali is “abusive language “. However, in the Indian wedding , the women folks of bride party use abusive language to tease the members of groom party
This phenomenon is common in India. No doubt the language is nasty but as accustom it is teasing methodology.
The wordings of these folk songs are very figurative and certainly humorous. The hyperbole is must in such folk song.
The readers will find similes, comparisons, metaphor, paradox, excessive exaggeration, humorous words, satirical speeches in this Garhwali wedding folk song Gali
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